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CHALCIDOIDEA FAMILIES
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1a. Petiole with 2 segments ; fore wings with a slender
stalk and entirely reticulate; antennal sockets close to each other at
level of dorsal eye margins. Mymarommatidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
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1b.
Petiole with 1 segment, or abdomen broadly attached; fore wings if
having a slender stalk then not reticulate ; antennal sockets distinctly
separated from each other, if close to each other then ventrad to dorsal
eye margins
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2a. Antennal sockets
much nearer inner orbits of eyes than to each other except in subfamily
Eubroncinae ; frons with transverse suture just above antennal sockets,
with supra-orbital suture extending from either end of this along inner
orbits of eyes ; venation greatly reduced, with marginal vein short and
stigmal vein rudimentary; stigmal vein usually not extending beyond middle
of wing length ...Mymaridae
<Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
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2b.
Antennal sockets not nearer to inner orbits of eyes than to each
other; frons without transverse suture, though possibly with frontal fork;
venation usually more developed with distinct stigmal and postmarginal
veins, stigmal vein usually extending beyond middle of wing length.
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3a. Tarsi with 3 segments; body stocky, 0.5-1.0 mm.; post marginal vein absent ;
antennal funicle with --2 segments ; setae of fore wing arranged in longitudinal
rows in several species. Trichogrammatidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
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3b.
Tarsi with 4-5 segments; body slender, or if stocky then body 1-5 mm; postmarginal vein rudimentary,
slightly acute or elongated ; antennal funicle with 0-7 segments; setae of fore wing rarely
arranged in longitudinal rows.
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4b.
Hind coxa typical or huge but not flattened ; hind tibia lacks
rhomboidal pattern of setae.
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5a. Gaster
broadly attached, with basal segment as wide as propodeum; propodeum with
triangular median area; scutellum transversely ribbon-like
Signiphoridae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
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5b.
Gaster more narrowly attached, at most with basal segment at least slightly
narrower than propodeum , or petiolate; propodeum without triangular median
area; scutellum rarely transversely ribbon-like.
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6a. Hind tarsus
with 4 segments.
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6b. Hind tarsus
with 5 segments.
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7a. Winged forms
with marginal vein shorter than broad or indistinct ; mesoscutum evenly
convex, without notauli (= paired longitudinal furrows); mid coxae inserted
at or slightly in front of middle of
mesepisternum Encyrtidae
(part) <Habits>;
<Adults-1> & <Adults-2>; & <Juveniles>
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7b.
Winged forms with marginal vein distinctly longer than broad ;
mesoscutum with incomplete to complete notauli; mid coxae inserted at or
near hind end of mesepisternum.
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8a. Gaster
sessile, with base of gaster almost as broad as propodeum; fore wing with
stigmal and postmarginal veins reduced, indistinct ; body not metallic;
scutellum lacks submedian grooves.
Aphelinidae
(part) <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
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8b.
Gaster petiolate ; fore wing with stigmal and postmarginal veins
distinctly developed; body usually
partly metallic; scutellum usually with submedian grooves.
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9a. Antenna with 11-12 segments, with 6 funicle segments; propodeum with at
least several hairs on median 1/3rd, these inclined toward midline. Tetracampidae
(part) <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
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10a. Hind femur
with serrated ventral edge , or with one or more distinct teeth, usually
decidedly swollen.
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10b.
Hind femur without serrations or teeth, not swollen.
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11a. Gaster
striped yellow and black with dense thimble-like punctations; fore wing
longitudinally folded as in vespoid wasp; female with ovipositor recurved
over gaster dorsum Leucospidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
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11b.
Gaster not striped yellow and black and finely sculptured, except
for thimblelike punctations in Ormyridae; fore wing not folded
longitudinally; female ovipositor protrudes slightly from gaster or at
least is not recurved over gaster.
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12a. Prepectus invisible or represented by
small, inconspicuous plate near tegula; body not metallic, usually black or
with white, yellow, or red markings; thorax coarsely sculptured. Chalcididae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
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12b. Prepectus
large and conspicuous ; body usually metallic; thorax usually finely
sculptured.
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13b.
Inner margins of eyes at most only slightly diverging ventrally;
antennae inserted at least slightly above ventral margins of eyes. Torymidae
(part) <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
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14a.
Mesopleuron greatly enlarged and swollen ; mid tibial spur large and
thickened; basal segments of mid tarsus of females thickened, and at least 1st segment with 2 rows of short, stout ventral spines.
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14b.
Mesopleuron not enlarged and swollen ; mid tibial spur usually not thickened
and without ventral spines ; basal segments of mid tarsus of female not
thickened, and segments without spines
above.
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15a. Mid coxae
inserted at about middle of mesopleuron; gaster straight (in dried
specimens) and usually short and stocky; mesonotum usually evenly convex ,
though rarely with linear notauli; winged forms with marginal vein usually
short or obsolete.
Encyrtidae
(part) <Habits>; <Adults-1> & <Adults-2>; & <Juveniles>
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15b.
Mid coxae inserted at or behind posterior end of mesopleuron; gaster
usually elongated, typically U-shaped in dried specimens; mesonotum broadly
depressed at least posteriorly; winged forms with marginal vein longer
(much longer than stigmal vein).
Eupelmidae
(part) <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
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16a. Prepectus
fused with and lying in same plane as lateral part of pronotum; thorax
usually high and short in ateral view; gaster usually with tergites 1 & 2 somewhat concealing posterior ones.
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16b.
Prepectus not fused with and not lying in same plane as lateral part
of pronotum; thorax usually not high and
short in lateral view; gaster usually with more than 2 visible tergites.
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17a. Pronotum
clearly visible in dorsal view, though narrow ; mandibles not
sickle-shaped; petiole usually short, transverse, at most 2X as wide as long; gaster typically
triangular. Pteromalidae
(part) <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
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17b.
Pronotum not visible in dorsal view, hidden by decidedly convex
mesoscutum ; mandibles sickle-shaped ; petiole longer than broad, often
very much so; gaster typically shaped like a rudder. Eucharitidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
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18a. Body not metallic;
pronotum ca. 1/2 as long as mesonotum , or longer; thorax usually with distinct
thimble-like punctation , or if finely sculptured, then antennae with 4-6 funicle segments.
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18b.
Body at least partially metallic; pronotum definitely less than 1/2 length of mesonotum; thorax finely
sculptured and antennae with 7-9 funicled segments.
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19a. Body usually
with obvious thimblelike punctation , but if finely sculptured, then
antennae inserted above ventral margin of eyes ; face without interantennal
crest; marginal vein of fore wing at most 3X length of stigmal vein ; propodeum
often flattened medially or with medial longitudinal channel; genae
sometimes with sharp edges. Eurytomidae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
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19b.
Body finely sculptured and antennae inserted at or below ventral
margin of eyes; face with intrantennal crest; marginal vein of fore wing 4X or more as long as stigmal vein ;
propodeum without medial longitudinal channel, sometimes evenly convex;
genae rounded. Pteromalidae
(part) <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
(for Subfamilies, go to 27a)
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20a. Gaster with
transverse rows of pits at least on middle segments ; females with
ovipositor only slightly exserted from apex of gaster. Ormyridae <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
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20b.
Gaster smooth, without transverse rows or pits; female ovipositor
sometimes projects greatly from gaster apex.
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21a. Gaster
sessile, with petiole not visible and with base of gaster almost as broad
as propodeum ; body not metallic; antenna (excluding ringlike anelli) with
at most 8 segments; winged forms with stigmal and postmarginal veins reduced,
indistinct ; minute insects, usually 1.0 mm. or less in length .... Aphelinidae
(part)
<Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
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21b.
Gaster constricted at junction with propodeum , petiole present,
though possibly wider than long; body often at least partially metallic;
antenna (excluding ringlike anelli) with more than 8 segments; winged forms with stigmal
and postmarginal veins developed ; insects usually much longer than 1.0 mm.
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22b.
Males & females: mid tibial
spur shorter or at most only slightly longer than inner hind tibial spur.
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23a. Hind coxa
large, elongated, 2/3rds or more as long as femur , in cross section
triangular, with dorsal edge angular; female ovipositor much exserted from
gaster apex , possibly longer than body; mesepimeron often with sinuate
posterior margin ; fore wing sometimes with knob-like stigma. Torymidae
(part) <Habits>; <Adults> &
<Juveniles>
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23b.
Hind coxa smaller, in cross section somewhat circular, with dorsal
edge rounded; female with ovipositor only slightly exserted from abdomen
apex; mesepimeron with posterior edge straight or evenly curved; fore wing
without knob-like stigma.
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24a. Propodeum
usually pilose, with median 1/3rd having several hairs that converge toward midline ;
fore tibial spur straight. Tetracampidae
(part) <Habits>;
<Adults> & <Juveniles>
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25a. Prepectus
firmly fused with pronotum ; gaster convex, in form of high triangle Perilampidae
<Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
[Yoshimoto, 1984 considered this Perilampinae, as subfamily of Pteromalidae = Chrysolampinae].
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25b.
Prepectus not fused with pronotum; gaster not in form of high
triangle.
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26a. Antenna attached close to clypeus, with 8-10 segments, none being ringlike; body
usually not metallic.
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26b.
Antenna attached high above clypeus, or, if antenna attached close
to clypeus, then hind femur enlarged with ventral edge serrate; antenna
with 11-13 segments (except in Eunotinae = 6-10 segments) and with 0-3 ringlike segments; body usually
metallic.
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SUBFAMILIES (Mostly Pteromalidae)
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27a. Body entirely
black ; head, pronotum, and mesoscutum with conspicuous piliferous
punctures. (Pteromalidae: Spalangiinae)
<Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
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27b. Body
entirely or partly yellowish; body lacking piliferous punctures.
(Pertomalidae: Cerocephalinae)
<Habits>; <Adults>
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28a. Fore wing
with radial cell fully or partly developed ; hind wing without distinct
stigma; vein sometimes translucent.
(Pteromalidae: Brachyscelidiphaginae)
<Habits>; <Adults>
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28b.
Fore and hind wings without previous combination of characters.
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29a.
Propodeal spiracles located about midway between anterior and
posterior angles of propodeum ; antennae inserted at each side of clypeus,
near mouth edge.
(Pertomalidae: Ceinae)
<Habits>; <Adults>
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29b. Propodeal spiracles
closer to anterior end of propodeum; antennae inserted far from edge of
mouth.
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30a.
Vertex with 6-12 large conspicuous bristles ; scutellum with 4 long bristles, usually longitudinally
marked with parallel fine impressed lines. (Pteromalidae:
Diparinae) <Habits>; <Adults>
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30b. Vertex
without large conspicuous bristles; scutellum with 4 or more bristles, usually not
longitudinally marked with parallel fine impressed lines.
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31a.
Head crescent-shaped; first tergite large, quadrate, extends over
more than 1/2 of gaster; anterior margin of costal cell decidedly curved, meeting
base of marginal vein, thus appearing as incised ; scutellum large, usually
extends posteriorly beyond gaster base.
(Pteromalidae: Eunotinae)
<Habits>; <Adults>
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31b. Head not
crescent-shaped; first tergite not large and quadrate, extending over less
than 1/2 of gaster; anterior margin of costal cell not very curved and
without incision; scutellum normal, does not extend beyond gaster base.
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32a. Notauli of
mesoscutum complete, meeting transcutal suture.
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32b.
Notauli of mesoscutum incomplete, not reaching transcutal suture.
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33a. Funicle of
antenna with 7 segments.
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33b.
Funicle of antenna with 5-6 segments.
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34a. Mid tarsus of
female with 4 segments; fore and hind tarsi with 5 segments; face of male and female with
longitudinal impressed line mesad of malar groove, extending from eye to
mouth edge. (Pteromalidae: Macromesinae)
<Habits>; <Adults>
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34b.
Mid tarsus of both sexes with 5 segments; face without longitudinal
impressed line.
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35a.
Head and thorax yellow and black, not metallic; head projects
forward; postmarginal vein longer than stigmal vein. (Pteromalidae: Miscogastrinae)
(part) <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
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35b. Head and thorax
metallic; head not projecting forward; postmarginal vein short or not
developed. (Pteromalidae: Eutrichosomatinae)
<Habits>; <Adults>
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36a.
Parastigma of fore wing similar in thickness to submarginal vein ;
antennae inserted below to well below ventral eye margin. (Pteromalidae: Asaphinae)
<Habits>; <Adults>
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36b. Parastigma of fore wing
distinctly different in thickness from submarginal vein ; antennae usually
inserted at or above ventral margin of eye.
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37a.
Antennae with 13 segments, often with 2 ringlike segments and 6 funicle segments , or 3 ringlike segments and 5 funicle segments.
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37b. Antennae with 10-12 segments, often with 2 ringlike segments and 5 funicle segments, without ringlike
segments and with 6 funicle segments, or with 3-4 ringlike segments and 3 funicle segments.
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38a. Hind femora
greatly swollen, with ventral serration or dentate; eyes greatly divergent
ventrally; antennae inserted below ventral eye margin. (Pteromalidae: Chalcedectinae = Yoshimoto's Pteromalidae (Chalcedectini: Cleonyminae) )
<Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
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38b. Hind femora normal,
without ventral serration or dentate; eyes not divergent ventrally;
antennae inserted above ventral eye margin. (Pteromalidae:
Miscogastrinae) (part) <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
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39a.
Antennae inserted above middle of face; antennal sockets closer to
anterior ocellus than to clypeus; head subglobose. (Pteromalidae: Panstenoninae)
<Habits>; <Adults>
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39b. Antennae inserted below
middle of face; sockets halfway between frontal ocellus and anterior
clypeus 40a. Marginal vein of fore
wing more than 3.5-6X as long as stigmal vein ; gaster petiole definitely
sculptured margin; head not subglobose.
(Chrysolampinae)
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40a.
Marginal vein of fore wing more than 3.5-6X as long as stigmal vein ; gaster
petiole definitely sculptured. (Chrysolampinae)
Perilampidae
<Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
[Yoshimoto 1984 considered this Perilampinae, as subfamily
of Pteromalidae = Chrysolampinae].
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40b. Marginal vein of fore
wing at most 3X as long as stigmal vein; petiole, if present, with surface
moderately sculptured to smooth.
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41a. Fore wing
with postmarginal vein longer than marginal vein.
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41b.
Fore wing with postmarginal vein not longer than marginal vein.
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42a.
Prepectus narrow laterally (Pteromalidae: Pteromalinae) (part) <Habits>; <Adults>
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43b. Gaster sessile or
subsessile. (Pteromalidae: Pteromalinae)
(part)
<Habits>; <Adults>
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44a. Head with
crests on face and frons ; inner orbits of eyes straight; clypeus with
conspicuous radiating striae covering face and genae. (Pteromalidae: Cratominae)
<Habits>; <Adults>
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44b.
Head without crests on face and frons; inner orbits of eyes not straight;
clypeus without conspicuous radiating striae.
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45a. Antennae with
10-12 segments.
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45b.
Antennae with 13 segments.
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46a.
Antennae inserted at or below level of ventral eye margin, with or
without ringlike segments; club with 2-3 segments, not acutely pointed. (Pteromalidae:
Miscogastrinae) (part) <Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
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46b. Antennae inserted above
level of ventral eye margin, with 2-3 ringlike segments; club solid or with indistinct
segments, acutely pointed.
(Pteromalidae: Pteromalinae)
(part) <Habits>; <Adults>
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47a.
Hind tibia with 2 apical spurs; axillae produced forward beyond scutellar
base
(Pteromalidae: Colotrechinae)
<Habits>; <Adults>
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47b. Hind tibia with single
apical spur; axillae rarely produced forward beyond
scutellar base.
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48a.
Antennae with 1 ringlike segment; body, including eyes, wings, and
gaster, densely hairy; pronotum as long as broad, narrower than mesoscutum.
(Pteromalidae: Cleonyminae)
<Habits>; <Adults> & <Juveniles>
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48b.
Antennae with 2-3 ringlike segments; body not densely hairy; pronotum
broader than long, narrower than or as broad as mesoscutum. Pteromalidae: Pteromalinae) <Habits>; <Adults>
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REFERENCES:
Yoshimoto, C. M. 1984. The
Insects and Arachnids of Canada, Part 12. The Families and
Subfamilies of
Canadian Chalcidoid
Wasps. Hymenoptera:
Chalcidoidea. Biosys. Res. Ins., Res.
Br. Canada,
Publ. 1760. 149 p
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